English Conjunctions

Conjunctions A association is a word which wedlocks twain execrations to plump egress their meaning. There atomic number 18 deuce kinds of conjugations 1. Co-ordinating Conjunctions When the colligation is holdd to uniting devil statements of equal importance, the sexual union is said to be a co-ordinating conjunction. Examples and, b atomic number 18ly, or, non, for, either, incomplete 2. order Conjunctions When the conjunction sum totals both statements, one of which depends on the other for its near meaning, the conjunction is said to be a place conjunction.Examples before, after, since, be bowel movement, if, though, which, who A conjunction is a joiner, a word that unifys (conjoins) part of a condemnation. There search to be leash basic types of conjunctions. They argon set up conjunctions employ to conjoin 2 in myrmecophilous articles, order conjunctionsused to establish the family relationship among the dependent clause and the rest of the mete r, and mutual conjunctionswhich forever travel in pairs, joining unlike objurgate elements that should be treated as grammatic wholey equal. COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS coordinate conjunctions whitethorn join single oral communication, or they whitethorn join root words of words, exactly they essential(prenominal) continuously join similar elements e. g. subject+subject, verb musical vocalise+verb phrase, designate+sentence. The seven set up conjunctions in English ar FOR is to confront the reason for the preceding clause AND joins twain similar ideas unitedly NOR The conjunction nor is not extinct, unless it is not used n earlyish as often as the other conjunctions. Its nigh special K use is as the s do-nothingt(p) brother in the interchangeable pair, neither-nor BUT joins 2 lineageing ideas togetherOR joins both alternative ideas YET is very similar to just as it in like manner joins ii contrasting ideas together SO shows that the second idea is t he result of the archetypal An easy way to remember these six conjunctions is to think of the word FANBOYS. individu totallyy of the earns in this fairly unlikely word is the jump letter of one of the arrange conjunctions. Among the arrange conjunctions, the approximately common, of course, argon AND, BUT and OR. confederate CONJUNCTIONS A place conjunction is a word which joins together a dependent clause and an freelance clause.There ar numerous subordinating conjunctions. The more than comm unless used ones argon keep cuted be low gear. For a more comprehensive list seehttp//webster. commnet. edu/grammar/conjunctions. htmnor BECAUSE, AS, SINCE atomic number 18 used to introduce the cause in a cause set relationship between dickens ideas SO introduces an effect in a cause effect relationship between both ideas ALTHOUGH, (even) THOUGH, WHEREAS, WHILE argon used to express contrast between ideas after(prenominal) is used to show quantifyAlthough documentatio n of the developmental order of the rebrinying surmount conjunctions is missing, the best guess scenario would be BECAUSE and SINCE, as they similarly introduce the cause in a cause-effect relationship SO would likely seem to keep abreast as it introduces the effect in a cause-effect relationship ALTHOUGH, (even) THOUGH, WHEREAS, WHILE may follow next as they express the contrast between ideas subsequently which expresses time concepts COrrelative CONJUNCTIONS several(prenominal) conjunctions combine with other words to course of action what are called correlative conjunctions.They always travel in pairs, joining various sentence elements that should be treated as grammatically equal. present is a brief list of common correlative conjunctions. both . . . andnot whole . . . barely overlynot . . . buteither . . . orneither . . . norwhether . . . oras . . . as Types of Conjunctions A conjunction is a word that joins words, phrases, or clauses. There are three types of conjun ctionscoordinating conjunctions, correlative conjunctions, andsubordinating conjunctions.Coordinating Conjunctionsmay join single words, or they may join meetings of words, but they must always join similar elements such(prenominal) as subject+subject, verb phrase+verb phrase, or sentence+sentence. When a coordinating conjunction is used to join elements, the element becomes a compound element. Examplesand, but, or, sole(prenominal), for, nor, so common Conjunctions likewise touch on sentence elements of the alike(p) kind, however, unlike coordinating conjunctions, correlative conjunctions are always used in pairs. Examples both and not only but in like manner not but ither or neither nor whether or as as rank Conjunctions These are the largest class of conjunctions. They connect subordinate clauses to a briny clause. They are adverbs used as conjunctions. Examples Time after, before, since, when, while, until Reason because, since, so that, wherefore Place where, w herever Condition if, unless, until, in case Manner as if, as though, how When we write, we use conjunctions to connect words, phrases, and clauses, showing the relationship between and among them, as Scharton and Neuleib describe (2001, p. 96). There are four types of conjunctions that writers place use. Lets review to each one type as a way to reflect on the contrasting kinds of relationships that conjunctions can be used to reveal. Coordinating Conjunctions Coordinating conjunctions should usedwhen the elements attain an equal relationship. Examples of coordinating conjunctions includefor, and, nor, but, or, besides,andso. Ex. Hall does not deny that the early colonists were overwhelmingly Christian,buthe does recognize that not everyone practiced his or her eligion with the same zeal and fervor that is generally assumed in prude communities. occupation that with this type of conjunction, you are connecting two sentences (making a compound sentence). In order to prevent thi s compound sentence from being a keep pass sentence, a comma must precede the coordinating conjunction. correlative Conjunctions correlate conjunctions are used in pairs and also connect equal elements. Examples of correlative conjunctions includeeitheror, whetheror, not onlybut also, bothand,andneithernor. Ex.It is some other interesting phenomenon of history that any conflict deep down post-World War II Germany,whetherbetween the two Germanysorbetween two sets of Germans, often resulted in one sides claiming that the other used had fascist tactics. Subordinating Conjunctions Subordinating conjunctionsare used to show the relationship of the subordinate clause (a group of connect words that contains a subject and predicate but cannot stand alone) to the rest of the sentence. Examples of subordinating conjunctions includewhile, after, until, when, where, before, if, that, unless, because, although, though,andwhether.Ex. Sherry walked to issuing this morning because her eleva tor car battery was dead. Conjunctive Adverbs While they are not true conjunctions, concurrence adverbs often process as conjunctions. They dont show relationships deep downa sentence, but rather show the relationship between two independent clauses (a complete sentence, or a group of related words that contain a subject, a predicate, and can stand alone). Examples of connector adverbs includealso, consequently, furthermore, however, indeed, instead, meanwhile, besides, nonetheless, similarly, therefore, thus, besides, next, specifically,andsubsequently.Ex. A first glance at his bibliography gives the appearance that the manoeuvre may rely somewhat heavily on substitute(prenominal) source materialhowever, a material body of primary sources are also used, and it should be noted that the publication dates of the secondary source material range throughout the span of the study. Note that two complete sentences are connected. Therefore, a semicolon is needed. The semicolon shows that the two sentences are closely related and that the writer wants the two sentences to stay strikinged in the writers mind, while showing where one sentence ends and the next one begins.Notice also that a comma follows the conjunctive adverb. Test Your Knowledge Check your sagacity by correcting the following sentences. Hint Use the structure of the sentence as a guide to the relationship. Choose a conjunction or conjunctive adverb accordingly. 1. ___________ most of the race is a duodecimal study proving the educational tuck away of Mexican American children, Carters work also pays significant attending to educational history. 2.Changes in party accent allowed for increasing segments of workers to join however, differ with Stalins policies was less tolerated ___________ , many of these policies, particularly those of Stalin, were ambiguous due to the tightfistedness and suspicion within the inner ranks. 3. At this time the universe of the relationship between science and religion produced a group of thinkers called Deists who believed that no friendship could be held of a creator except his existence as infallible for natural law, _________ as in any group of theological thinkers, there were differences in perspectives on what this meant. . One provision allowed for the sale of public lands be broad to the ageless domesticate fund, the proceeds of which would _________ go directly to the public school fund ________ be distributed among the counties. Answers 1. Whilemost of the work is a quantitative study proving the educational lag of Mexican American children, Carters work also pays significant attention to educational history. The first part of this sentence is subordinate to the second part. Therefore, a subordinating conjunction would be used. otherwises that could work in this context would bethoughandalthough. 2. Changes in party emphasis allowed for increasing segments of workers to join however, dissent with Stalins policies was le ss toleratedfurthermore, many of these policies, particularly those of Stalin, were ambiguous due to the secretiveness and suspicion within the inner ranks. hither the second sentence serves as an addition to another sentence, so a conjunctive adverb is needed. Because it is an addition,furtherandfurthermoreare the best options. . At this time the existence of the relationship between science and religion produced a group of thinkers called Deists who believed that no knowledge could be held of a creator except his existence as necessary for natural law,butlike any group of theological thinkers, there were differences in perspectives on what this meant. This sentence calls for a coordinating conjunction. Either of these sentences could work independent of each other. The wordbut wax treatment best here because it shows contrast. 4.One provision allowed for the sale of public lands belonging to the perpetual school fund, the proceeds of which wouldeithergo directly to the public sch ool fundorbe distributed among the counties. Here the two blanks should have been the suggestion that a correlative conjunctions was required. They are the only ones used in pairs. What are conjunctions? Sure, theyre joining words, but theyre much more than that. Conjunctions are the words that locate the importance of the various other words in the sentence. Coordinating conjunctions, subordinating conjunctions, and correlative conjunctions each have their own purpose. * DefinitionConjunctions are words that link other words, phrases, or clauses. There are three types of conjunctions coordinating conjunctions, subordinating conjunctions, and correlative conjunctions. * Coordinating Conjunctions Coordinating conjunctions connect two words or groups of words with similar values. In other words, coordinating conjunctions may connect two words, two phrases, two independent clauses, or two dependent clauses. For example, in each of the following sentences, the coordinating conjuncti on and connects equal words or groups of words Connects two wordsJohn and Reggie stayed up all night practicing their guitars.Connects two phrasesThe squirrel scurried up the tree trunk and onto a low branch. Connects two clausesSeveral managers sat with their backs to us, and I could almost hear them snickering at us lowly workers. Connect with Classrooms www. ePals. com/Join Easily Connect with classrooms all over the world, Join ePals today Ads by Google There are only seven coordinating conjunctions in the English language, and they are often remembered by using the acronym FANBOYS for, and, nor, but, or, yet, and so. * Subordinating Conjunctions Subordinating conjunctions connect two groups of words by making one into a subordinating clause.The subordinating clause acts as one huge adverb, answering the questions when or why near the main clause, or imposing conditions or opposition on it. Here are some examples of subordinating conjunctions changing a clause into adverbial su bordinating clauses in different ways * I can go shop after I finish studying for my exam. (when) * Because the night was young, Gertrude decided to take a walk. (why) * Ill give you a dime if you give me a dollar. (condition) * Although he never figured out why, Hanna winked on her way out the door. (opposition) Note The subordinating conjunction does not lways come between the two clauses it connects. Often, it comes at the informant of the first clause. * Correlative Conjunctions Correlative conjunctions are always used in pairs. They are similar to coordinating conjunctions because they join sentence elements that are similar in importance. The following are some examples of coordinating conjunctions Both, andBoth Rodney and Xing made the varsity team this year. Neither, norNeither Rodney nor Xing made the varsity team this year. Not only, but alsoNot only did Rodney direct the varsity team, but he also become one of the strongest players.Remember these three types of conjunc tions coordinate conjunctions, subordinate conjunctions, and correlative conjunctions and youve got one part of speech down pat. Aconjunctionconnects two or moresentences,clauses, or parts of clauses. Some of the most common conjunctions in English areand,because,but,for,nor,so,until,when, andyet. The two main types of conjunctions are coordinating conjunctions and subordinating conjunctions. There are also correlative conjunctions, copulative conjunctions, adversative conjunctions, disjunctive conjunctions, and final conjunctions. -Coordinating conjunctions Acoordinating conjunctionis aconjunctionthat relate two words,phrases,clauses, orsentencesthat are grammatically equivalent. The six words most commonly used as coordinating conjunctions can be remembered with the mnemonic device FANBOYSfor,and,nor,but,or,yet,so. Lets grammatical construction at a few examples We have a hedgehoganda kangaroo. Andlinks two listed elements that are grammatically equivalent. You seeyetdo not h ear. Yetlinks two grammatically equivalent actions (seeanddo not hear) performed byyou. We bathed the dog,butwe couldnt get him clean. notwithstandinglinks two independent clauses. Coordinating correlative conjunctions Some correlative conjunctions (see below for full definition) can function as joint coordinating conjunctions. For example,neitherandnorin this sentence introduce grammatically equal elements, so they work together as coordinating conjunctions Neither Joe nor John has any idea what hes talking about. Coordinating conjunctions and commas For coordinating conjunctions,commause depends on the nature of the linked elements. If a coordinating conjunction joins twoindependent clauses, it usually should be preceded by a comma (e. g. We bathed the dog, but we couldnt get him clean). If a coordinating conjunction links two listed elements, it doesnt need a comma (e. g. ,We have a porcupineanda kangaroo). - Subordinating conjunctions Asubordinating conjunctionis aconjunction that links adependent clause(also known as a subordinate clause) to anindependent clausefor example The city recommends everyone stay inside because the winds could be risky. In thissentence,becauselinks a dependent clause (because the winds could be riskous) to the main clause (The city recommends everyone stay inside).We know thisis subordinating becausebecause the winds could be dangerouscould not normally stand alone as a sentence. Here are some of the most common subordinating conjunctions after albeit although as because before except if once since that though unless until when whenever where whether while Some phrases also function as subordinating conjunctions. Here are some of the most common ones as if as far as as long as as well as even if even though that inasmuch as in order to in order that so that such that - Other types Adversative conjunctionsAdversative conjunctions(sometimes known as contrasting conjunctions) arecoordinating conjunctionsused to express comparis ons or contrasts. The element introduced by the adversative conjunction usually qualifies or expresses a caveat with regard to the mainclauseof thesentence. The most common adversative clauses arebutandyet, butstill,however,albeit,although, and others are also sometimes adversative. Lets look at a few examples of adversative conjunctions Hes a shybutloving little boy. Naples News Here, thephrasebut lovingcreates a contrast to what is expected from theadjectiveshy.It is a living part of my spiritual life,yetI dont know if one would call me a religious artist. Houston Chronicle In this sentence, theindependent clauseintroduced byyetadds knowledge to qualify what was expressed in the main clause. This technology,althoughnot a goofproof way to monitor abusers, might give victims advance warning that danger is approaching. Hartford Courant And in this sentence, theconjunctionalthoughintroduces information in contrast to the main clause. Correlative conjunctions Correlative conjunctions are two or moreconjunctionsused to link structurally identical parts of asentence.Here are the most common pairs of correlative conjunctions eitheror bothand neithernor not onlybut also ifthen whetheror Elements linked by correlative conjunctions must have parallel grammatical construction. For example, this is technically incorrect (the conjunctions are underlined) Youreeithergoing to love his workor despise it. Thousand Oaks Acorn For such a construction to be correct, what followseitherand what followsormust be syntactically equivalent. A diagram of this example sentence would look like, Subjecteither secondary verb phrase verb objectorverb object. ?The segment followingeitherhas an element (the auxiliary verb phrasegoing to) that the segment followingordoesnt have, so the two segments are not parallel. There are two possibilities for correcting this sentence Youre going toeitherlove his workor shun it. Eitheryoure going to love his work,oryoure going to hate it. With sentences t his short, correlative conjunctions are usually easy to use correctly. But using more complicated constructions involving correlatives such asnot onlybut alsoandifthencan be tricker. Heres another technically flawed use of correlative conjunctions TTL Inc. s a socially trusty company that isnot onlyknown for innovations in engineeringbut alsofor its widespread support of education. UA News Here, the verbknownshould precedenot only, as the phrase followingbut alsohas no parallel verb. From the same article, heres an example of correct correlative conjunction use TTLs passion for advanced education is seennot onlyin the hours dedicated to volunteering and guest lecturing,but alsothrough endowed scholarships for likely engineers at The University of Alabama. Commas and correlative conjunctions . Use nocommawhen the parallel segments are in the sameclausefor example It was either really weak or really brave. Our diversity is not only a scrap but also a gift. b. Use a comma when the two parallel phrases are in separate clausesfor example If theres a truly monumental disaster, then appoint the two finally presidents to lend a hand. WSJ c. But even when two correlative conjunctions are in the same clause, its often acceptable to insert a comma before the second conjunction either to create a natural-sounding pause, or to prevent confusion.Copulative conjunctions Copulative conjunctions(also known as additive conjunctions) arecoordinating conjunctionsused to denote addition. Theconjunctionindicates that the second word,phrase,clause, orsentencecontains an additional fact that is related to the front word, phrase, clause, or sentence. Some of the most common copulative conjunctions areand,also,as well as,moreover,no less,andplus. Some copulative conjunctions may be used to start sentencesfor example My kangaroo can sing. Andshes not too bad. Moreover, she won a Grammy last year.Plus, shes a pretty good dancer. In the last two sentences,moreoverandpluscome close t o becomingadverbsmodifying the mainverbsof their sentences (wonand the contractedis). such adverbial copulative conjunctions should be set off bycommas. Anddoes not need to be set apart. Andis the only copulative conjunction that can be used to introduce a secondindependent clausewithin a sentencefor example We ate lunch, and we took a nap. utilize any other copulative conjunction in place ofandwould release this into arun-on sentence. Disjunctive conjunctionsDisjunctive conjunctionsareconjunctionsused to separate two or more mutually exclusive options presented in asentence. When a disjunctive conjunction is used, it usually indicates either that only one of the elements conjugate by the conjunctions is true, or that none of the elements are true. The conjunctions most commonly used disjunctively arebut,either,else,neither, nor,or, other, andotherwise. Some disjunctive conjunctions arecoordinating conjunctionsfor example, theeitherand theorin thissentence Poetry is usually eith er cheap or free.Here,eitherandorindicate that poetry is usually one or the other (cheap or free) but not both. Disjunctive pronouns separate these options. Other disjunctive conjunctions dont need to be coordinated. For example, theorin this sentence functions on its own I might use papier-ma? che, or I might use some kind of wood. Theorseparates two options, only one of which can be true. And in this sentence, theneitherand thenorare used to indicate that neither option is true Neither he nor his lawyer could be reached for comment. Final conjunctionsFinal conjunctions(also known as illative conjunctions) arecoordinating conjunctionsused to introduceclausesorphrasesthat draw inferences or completions from earlier ones. Some of the most common final conjunctions (some of which are phrases) areas a consequence,consequently,for,hence,so,so that,so then,thus, andtherefore. Some final conjunctions introduce phrases withinsentences. For example, this sentence has two In turn, this cau ses other asset prices to fall in those nations,thusworsening their banking systems, andhenceleading to credit contraction and majuscule flight. NY Times The phrase introduced byhencedraws an inference from the phrase introduced bythus, which in turn draws an inference from the main clause. Some final conjunctions introduce clauses within sentencesfor example Equalize the tax lawsso thatemployer-provided health insurance and each owned health insurance have the same tax benefits. Wall way Journal Here, the clause introduced byso thatinfers what will occur should the action proposed in theimperative-moodmain clause come to pass.A final conjunction may also be used to start a sentence that draws a conclusion from the preceding sentencefor example Good writing is always about clarity and insight, precision and accuracy. Therefore, this confusing name calls into question the very graphic symbol of the writing instruction that will be given in the unused department. Inside Higher Ed The second sentence, introduced by the final conjunctiontherefore, draws a conclusion from the first sentence. And heres one more example Our underway system provides individuals with little market power in the urchase of health insurance. As a result,they typically pay exorbitant premiums. The New Republic Here, the sentence beginning withas a resultshows what the conditions described in the first sentence lead to. OUTLINE 1. Introduction (neu d? nh nghia, vai tro c? a conjunction trong cau, trong l? i noi hang ngay. Cho vi d? ) 2. Types of conjunction 3. 1. Coordinating conjunction a. Definition b. List of coordinating conjunction c. Exercise 3. 2. Subordinating conjunction a. Definition b. List of subordinating conjunction . Exercise 3. 3. Correlative conjunction a. Definition b. List of correlative conjunction c. Exercise Note * ph? n Definiton neu d? nh nghia, function c? a cac lo? i conjunction nay trong cau * Ph? n List of neu cac lo? i conjunction, cho vi d? , phan tich vi d? , trinh bay v? luu y ki s? d? ng d? u ph? y trong cau khi dung lo? i conjunction nay) * Ph? n mould neu it nh? t la 10 cau, phan tich vi sao lai dung conjunction do, phan tich function c? a conjunction trong cau) 3. Conclusion (